Hard Light
Hard lighting is a type of lighting that is strong and casts shadows of the object. It creates a big contrast between the object and the shadow and so, it accentuates the texture, shape and details of the object. It is usually created with a spot.
Soft Light
Soft lighting is a type of lighting that is overcasting and casts only soft shadows. This can be created with broads, scoops and fluorescents. These light sources are usually large and the light tends to wrap around the subject. Soft light is used to cast shadow-less light and make the subject look more flawless.
Hard light vs. Soft light
Three-point Lighting
Three-point lighting is a lighting technique used in various fields to create different lightings and shadows. There are three lights in three-point lighting, which are key light, fill light and back light. The key light shines directly at a subject and its strength, color and angle are some determinants. The fill light also shines at the subject but from a side and is placed at a lower position. The back light, like its name, shines from the subject's back and gives the subject a halo. 
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